Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is considered a health problem that threatens the health of millions of people around the world. [1] The main cause of Diabetes, which can develop due to dietary habits, genetic factors, and many other factors, is the abnormality in the level of the insulin hormone, which is the hormone that aids in the utilization of blood glucose in the cell. [2]
Glucose, which is also called blood sugar, is the main energy provider for the body and also allows the body to perform optimally. The hormone that allows the body to make use of this sugar is called insulin (Insulin is secreted from the pancreas),
If insulin production is low, depending on blood sugar, there will not be enough insulin to use sugar in all the cells that need sugar. In this case, the use of glucose by blood cells becomes impossible, and glucose begins to circulate freely in the blood. Unabsorbed glucose creates a toxic effect in the body, destroying cells in the first place and organs subsequently. Diabetes is the result of this process.
Types of Diabetes
The development and progression of diabetes is determined by the state of the hormone insulin. Although there are many different forms of diabetes, the disease falls into two main groups. [3]
-
Type 1 diabetes: Types one diabetes is one in which there is or production of the insulin hormone at all. When there is a disorder in pancreas cells, the release of insulin in the body can slow down or stop. Patients with this discomfort must use insulin injections for the rest of their lives. The disease is determined by the detection of substances known as antibodies in blood tests.
-
Type 2 diabetes: This disorder is the most common form of diabetes. Insulin release may be at normal levels in people with type 2 diabetes. However, an imbalance between blood sugar and insulin creates resistance to the hormone insulin. This resistance makes it difficult for the blood sugar to be absorbed. It is a disorder that occurs, especially in people with weight problems. If diet, exercise, and medication don’t help, an operation known as metabolic surgery may be needed.