Instrumentation of the Urinary Tract
Any form of instrumentation of the urinary tract can directly introduce bacteria into the urethra, bladder or any part of the urinary tract leading to infection use of an intrauterine device as birth control and other procedures like cystoscopy, bladder biopsy and use of vaginal pessaries can introduce harmful bacteria into the urethra and bladder, leading to bacterial infections.
Weakened or Suppressed Immune System
This is the major cause of fungal and viral bladder infections. When the body is too weak to fight germs and other foreign invaders, the chances of developing bladder infection increases. The causative organisms find it easy to multiply and spread in such conditions and the infection is usually severe.
Patients receiving medications that suppress or weaken their immune system and those suffering from diseases like HIV/AIDS are at risk of developing a bladder infection.