Surgery
In cases of severe acute colitis or toxic megacolon, if medications no longer help, and if patients have repeatedly experienced difficulty to stop bleeding from the intestine, surgery [11] may be necessary. It must be completed within 72 hours.
The surgeon removes the entire colon of the patient. From a fragment of the small intestine, the surgeon forms a sac that replaces the rectum and connects it to the anus. In most cases, the surgeon will temporarily place an artificial bowel opening (stoma). This is necessary so that the entire surgery area can recover and heal well.
Removing the colon [12] can greatly improve the condition of patients. A person can live without a large intestine: this part of the intestine is not vital. However, some of these patients are more likely to have a bowel movement, they are more likely to feel the urge to have a bowel movement, and their stools are sometimes thinner than usual.
If a doctor discovers a tumor during a colonoscopy or a pathologist diagnoses malignant changes in the intestinal mucosa in tissue samples taken, the patient also undergoes surgery.