How to diagnose
The diagnosis [12] of hyponatremia is made by measuring sodium in the blood, in which a concentration of less than 135 mEq/L is verified. Ideally, sodium values should be between 135 and 145 mEq/L [13].
The diagnosis of the triggering cause is difficult and should be investigated with the help of an endocrinologist. A careful history with particular emphasis on recent medications used by the patient and fluid intake should be considered. Other blood tests, such as the evaluation of kidney function, liver, blood glucose levels, and the concentration of blood and urine that help determine the source of this abnormality are carried out
To treat hyponatremia, the doctor must identify the intensity of the symptoms, and whether it is an acute or chronic installation change. In severe acute hyponatremia, or when it causes symptoms, a replacement of serum with a greater amount of sodium is made, which is the hypertonic saline solution.
References:
[1] https://www.healthline.com/health/hyponatremia#What-does-it-mean-to-have-low-blood-sodium?
[2] https://www.healthline.com/health/hyponatremia#What-does-it-mean-to-have-low-blood-sodium?
[3] https://www.healthline.com/symptom/confusion
[4] https://www.healthline.com/symptom/asthenia
[5] https://www.healthline.com/health/hyponatremia#causes
[6] https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-failure
[7] https://www.healthline.com/health/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease
[8] https://www.healthline.com/health/diuretics
[9] https://www.healthline.com/health/explosive-diarrhea
[10] https://www.healthline.com/health/addisons-disease
[11] https://www.healthline.com/health/syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone
[12] https://www.healthline.com/health/hyponatremia#diagnosis
[13] https://www.healthline.com/health/hyponatremia#What-does-it-mean-to-have-low-blood-sodium?