Other Types of Genes
Apart from the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, research has also shown that there are various other genes when mutated or found in the blood may also increase the risk of breast cancer, these genes are:
- PALB2: This particular gene operates in the presence of BRCA genes. People with mutations of this gene are 9.5 times more likely to develop breast cancer.
- TP53: Mutations of TP53 can lead to a medical condition known as Li-Fraumeni Syndrome which makes the body vulnerable to different types of cancers including breast cancer and tumor.
- PTEN: The change of this gene puts the body at risk of Cowden’s Syndrome. [2] This syndrome results in the formation of invasive breast tumors. This gene mutation also leads to growth in the thyroid, digestive tract and ovary.
- CDH1: Changes in this gene increase the risk of gastric cancer and thereby making the body vulnerable to cancer of the breast.
- NBN: Mutation of NBN allows for the cells to uncontrollably divide and then does not allow for the repair of damaged DNA.
- ATM: The development of fault in this gene increases the risk of breast cancer. This gene acts as the repairer’s DNA. It also kills the gene that is not able to produce DNA.
- STK11: Changes in this gene may cause breast cancer. It causes pigmented spots on the mouth and lips.