Stage Three
Through the ages of 45 to 55, the breakdown of bones occurs at a faster rate. In women, this is an effect of menopause, which leads to a reduction in the hormone oestrogen [5] which is significant in ensuring that all body tissues including bone ligaments, muscles, and tendons are in a good state. Women tend to lose up to 10 to 20% of their bone density in the first five years of menopause. Some women even lose up to 30%. For men, the changes in bone density occur between the ages of 60 to 65. This is caused by a decrease in the hormone testosterone.
This stage is usually characterized by an increase in the fragility of the bones. Where a fall, walking into a door, running, and even bending down to pick something off the floor, which are activities that were considered easy in younger years, may now be enough to cause a fracture.
Stage Four
Osteoporosis reaches this stage when there is no intervention or treatment done to the condition of the bones. In this stage, the effects and consequences of bone loss become quite visible. Factors like continual softening of the bones and the accumulation of fragility fractures, in the body, lead to deformity [6]. With this deformity, comes a lot of pain and discomfort. The individual day by day finds it harder to perform normal daily activities like getting into a car, sitting down, climbing stairs, reaching for something above them, etc.
Symptoms of Stages Three and Four
- Gradual loss of height.
- Fracture from a fall or even any minor activity like kicking, catching or throwing a ball or anything at all.
- Neck and/or Back pain.
- A stooped posture.