Diagnosis of MGUS
MGUS does not usually cause any symptoms of illness. In most cases, M proteins are detected in the blood of people with MGUS while testing for other diseases. Studies show that people with elevated levels of M protein may experience symptoms like:
- A rash
- Numbness [1]
- Tingling in the body
However, the presence of elevated levels of Monoclonal proteins in the blood or urine is the major feature of MGUS. People with MGUS may also have elevated levels of other proteins in the blood, but they are usually signs of other medical conditions like hepatitis [2] or dehydration [3].
To detect MGUS or to rule out other diseases, doctors often recommend various tests. These tests include:
- Detailed blood tests: Examples of these tests are a total blood count, a serum calcium test, and a serum creatinine test. These tests are used to check for signs of MGUS-related conditions like an imbalance of red blood cells, reduced calcium function, and high calcium levels.
- A 24-hour urine protein test: This test is used to see if M protein is released in your urine and to detect any signs of kidney damage, which could be a sign of a severe MGUS-related condition.
- Imaging tests: A CT scan or MRI can check for any problems with the bones associated with serious MGUS-related conditions.
- A bone marrow biopsy: This procedure is used to detect any signs of bone marrow cancers and diseases that may occur due to MGUS. A biopsy is mostly done if your doctor notices any signs of the disease, like kidney failure, bone lesions, high calcium levels, bone lesions, and unexplained anemia.