Overview
Pain and burning, typical symptoms of gastritis, are the result of inflammation in the inner walls of the stomach. And what is the cause of this? Research has shown that most episodes of this problem are caused by a bacterium. Helicobacter pylori (the same bacteria that causes stomach ulcers). This microorganism inserts itself below the mucus layer in the stomach and releases urease, an enzyme capable of changing the pH of nearby areas. The uncontrolled multiplication of the bacteria is what causes the inflammatory reaction seen. If the defense cells cannot contain the advance, the mucosa protection of the stomach wall becomes corroded and the stomach is affected by the action of gastric acid directly which gives rise to the burning sensation.
Some factors, or an association of them, also trigger irritation: inadequate nutrition, abuse of medicines (especially anti-inflammatory drugs), and excessive consumption of alcohol. One can suddenly have gastritis (acute gastritis) or develop it slowly over time (chronic gastritis). Sometimes, gastritis can cause ulcers or increase the risk of stomach cancer. However, in most people, gastritis is not severe and tends to be alleviated with treatment.
The main symptoms are gastrointestinal symptoms. [1] [2]